The portal is built as a layer that reads and writes against the clinical system's published interfaces rather than holding a separate copy of the clinical record. Where GP Connect covers the required capability, that is the default route; where it does not, we use IM1 pairing with the practice's principal system supplier, agreed and scoped before build starts because supplier lead times for interface access are often the longest item on the critical path.
Identity and consent are handled in a dedicated authorisation service that maps NHS Login verification levels and proxy relationships to a permission set, so the same booking or results endpoint behaves differently depending on who is asking and at what verification level, rather than embedding that logic in the presentation layer.
Prescription and results workflows run as asynchronous queues rather than synchronous calls into the clinical system, because prescriber approval and clinician sign-off are human steps with no fixed turnaround time. The portal reflects the current state of each request and notifies the patient when it changes, without ever implying a faster process than the practice actually runs.
Accessibility is treated as an architectural constraint: server-rendered pages, a tested component library against WCAG 2.2 AA and content that degrades gracefully without JavaScript, because a meaningful proportion of the patient population uses assistive technology, older devices or low-bandwidth connections.